Assessing the Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Vegetable Farmers in the Bandarawela area, Sri Lanka

Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Bandarawela Vegetable Farmers

Authors

  • Senaka Lalith Dharmasri Amarathunga Senior Lecturer/ Department of Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17501/

Keywords:

entrepreneurial behavior, multiple linear regression, decision-making ability, economic motivation, entrepreneurship

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the entrepreneurial behaviour of vegetable farmers in Bandarawela, Sri Lanka. It was conducted across three divisional secretariates, Kumbalwela, Ella and Halpe. The study applied a random sampling technique to select respondents, and a pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The results of the descriptive analysis revealed that 64% of vegetable farmers are in the older age group. About 41% own medium-sized farmlands, and the majority (85%) are engaged in farming as their sole occupation. Most farmers (53%) earn a medium income level, and 80% have a medium level of mass media participation. Most of the farmers (66%) contact extension officers monthly, but their participation in extension programs is low. The results also revealed that the majority of vegetable farmers (76%) exhibit a medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour. As per the results of the regression analysis, there was a significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial behaviour and independent variables such as occupation, annual income, mass media participation, financial literacy, and the shift to controlled environmental agriculture among the farmers. Based on the findings, improving the facilities will strengthen entrepreneurial capacity among vegetable farmers in Bandarawela. Proposed policy measures should be focused mainly on infrastructure development in protected agriculture, financial literacy, access to credit, extension services, training, education, and mass media participation. Addressing these key areas can contribute to sustainable agricultural development and improve the livelihoods of farmers in the study area

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adikari, M. P. (2014). Usage of mass media by farmers in Sri Lanka. Developing Country Studies, 4(4), 1–4. ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)

Agarwal, A., & Dhingra, A. (2019). Gender differences in entrepreneurship: A study of Punjab. Journal of Business Research, 103, 79-86.

Akinola, S. O., & Ojo, I. O. (2014). Financing agricultural entrepreneurs: The role of capital in agricultural productivity. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 17(3), 1881-1886.

Amarathunga, M. K. S. L. D., Prasad Mahindarathne, M., Senevirathna, M. R. M., Welhena, C., & AMC, A. A. (2023). The effectiveness of farmer field school extension approach for technology transfer to tea smallholders in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 7(1), 85-103. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2023.536.6

Bandara, A. M. S. M. R. S. G., De Silva, D. A. M., Esham, M., Liyanage, C. L., & Carmichael, A. (2022). Responses of rural agricultural households to COVID-19 pandemic: A case study on food security of rural farmers in Belihuloya, Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Agricultural Sciences (AgInsight 2022 )- “Empowering Research for Innovative and Sustainable Agriculture”, Subragamuwa University, 2022, pp 170-173 http://repo.lib.sab.ac.lk:8080/xmlui/handle/susl/2264

Bhaduri, A., & Ranjan, A. (2016). Agricultural entrepreneurship in India: Key challenges and the way forward. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 25(1), 47-67.

Biradar, N. B. (1997). Effectiveness of teaching methods in communicating nutritional knowledge to rural women–An experimental study (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Thesis). https://www.scribd.com/document/167247835/research-journal-of-social-and-life-science-volume-14.

Byrne, N., Horst, B., & Schneider, U. (2019). Extension services and their impact on smallholder farmers' livelihoods. Agricultural Systems, 174, 70-76.

Chandra, P. K. (1998). A study on entrepreneurial behaviour of vegetable growers in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. M. Sc.(Agri.) Thesis ANGRAU. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&cluster=14938313627405630409

Davis, L. S., & Krueger, A. B. (2003). The role of education in agricultural innovation. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 54(2), 157-175.

Department of Census and Statistics. (2023). [Review of Sri Lanka Labour Force Statistics Quarterly Bulletin, Fourth Quarter 2023]. http://www.statistics.gov.lk/LabourForce/StaticalInformation/Bulletins/4thQuarter2023

Dias, N., Munaweera, T., & Bandara, S. (2020). Factors influencing farmers’ adoption of protected agriculture: A case of vegetable farmers in dry zone Sri Lanka. technology, Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research 8(5), 1150-1156. DOI:10.32474/CIACR.2020.08.000300

Dissanayake, S. P., Gunaratne, L. H. P., Sivananthawerl, T., & Ginigaddara, G. A. S. (2021). Is Agricultural Sustainability Positively Related to Technical Efficiency? A Case of Paddy-Cattle Integration Farming Systems, Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 5(12), 968–976. ISSN 2454–6186

Dollar, D., & Gatti, R. (1999). Gender inequality, income and growth: Are good times good for women, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2140. http://www.worldbank.org/gender/prr

Export Development Board. (2013). The Official Blog of Sri Lanka Export Development Board; Sri Lanka Export Development Board. https://www.srilankabusiness.com/blog/2013/page2.html

Export Development Board. (2016). The Official Blog of Sri Lanka Export Development Board; Sri Lanka Export Development Board. https://www.srilankabusiness.com/blog/2016/

Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage Publications Limited. University of Sussex UK, 6th edition, ISBN: 9781529668728

Ganegoda Hewage, I. A. (2023). Risk management by entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial micro and small-scale firms in the agriculture food-processing sector in Sri Lanka: a mixed method approach: a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agribusiness at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University).

Girma, Y. (2022). Credit access and agricultural technology adoption nexus in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 10, 100362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100362

Gunawardhana, R. P. S. A., & Silva, K. N. N. (2021). An analysis of the impact of financial literacy on credit utilisation behaviour of the farmers in Kamburupitiya DS division. In Proceedings of International Conference on Business Management (Vol. 18). Published on 2022-06-05, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31357/icbm.v18

Hair, J., & Sabol, M. A. (2025). Overview of multivariate data analysis, An. In International encyclopedia of statistical science (pp. 1853-1856). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Jaiswal, V., Singh, K.C., Jyoti Kurmi and Singh, S. (2020). Entrepreneurial behaviour of vegetable growers at Gangeo block of Rewa District (M.P.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(3), pp.1688–1690. https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2020.v9.i3ab.11556

Jayaratne, M., Sullivan Mort, G., & D’Souza, C. (2019). Sustainability entrepreneurship: From consumer concern towards entrepreneurial commitment. Sustainability, 11(24), 7076. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247076

Kapoor, S., & Kapoor, S. (2022). Effectiveness of non-farm diversification on rural household income–evidence and policy implications from India. International Journal of Development Issues, 21(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-03-2021-0065

Khalid, K., Chen, Y., & Abdul-Muhmin, A. G. (2017). Controlled environment agriculture: Modeling and feasibility analysis of vertical farming systems. Journal of Food Engineering, 187, 23-32.

Kodithuwakku, S. S., & Weerakoon, C. (2020). Embracing Entrepreneurship in Sri Lankan Agribusiness Research: A Review and a Research Agenda. Agricultural Research for Sustainable Food Systems in Sri Lanka: A Pursuit for Advancements, 2, 455-473. DOI:10.1007/978-981-15-3673-1

Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5

Lussier, R. N., Bandara, C., & Marom, S. (2016). Entrepreneurship success factors: an empirical investigation in Sri Lanka. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 12(2), 102-112. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-10-2015-0047

Mahindarathne, P. P., & Gunaratne, L. H. P. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation of organic farmers: a case of organic vegetable farmers in the Badulla District of Sri Lanka. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 27(4), 324-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2014.940124

Mani, A., Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E., & Zhao, J. (2013). Poverty impedes cognitive function. Science, 341(6149), 976-980. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1238041

Meti, S.K., (1998), Technology reach, perception, knowledge, adoption and attitude towards improved agricultural technologies by small and marginal farmers in Tungabhadra command area. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad (India).

Mohammed, M. K., & Cheema, T. A. (2018). Factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior among small-scale farmers: Evidence from Pakistan. Agricultural Economics, 49(2), 267-280.

Mulyana, M., Harianto, H., Hakim, D.B., Hartoyo, S. and Mariyah, M., 2022. Analysis of Entrepreneurship Activities in Rice Farming. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 35(1), 12-24. ISSN: 2509-0119.

Nagesha, P.N., 2005. Study on entrepreneurial behaviour of vegetable seed producing farmers in Haveri district of Karnataka. M. Sc.(Ag.) Thesis, Submitted to University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India.

Nishantha, B., & Pathirana, K. P. J. M. (2014). Motivation, perceived success factors and problems of entrepreneurs: evidence from a developing country in Asia. International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking, 4(3), 292-304. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPMB.2014.063236

Okwoche, V. A., Gbenga, A. O., & Adesina, J. K. (2018). The role of mass media in agricultural development: A study of farmers' perception in Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 22(2), 153-164.

Pathirana, K. P. J. M., & Nishantha, B. (2014). Motivation, perceived success factors and problems of entrepreneurs: evidence from a developing country in Asia. Int. J. Process Management and Benchmarking, 4(3), https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPMB.2014.063236

Pinnawala, S., & Herath, H. M. W. A. (2014). Social factors influencing agricultural productivity in the non-plantation agriculture in Sri Lanka: A farm centered analysis. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Organization of Professional Associations of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka (pp. 27-28).

Ranabahu, R. A. S. P. (2019). Perceived Income Security Among Community-dwelling Elders of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Population Studies, 20(1).

Ranan-Eliya, R. P. (1999). Economic impacts of demographic ageing with special emphasis on Sri Lanka and old-age income security. Colombo, Institute of Policy Studies. IPS HPP Occasional Paper 11. hpp-op11-Population-Ageing.pdf

Rathnayaka, R. P. S., Gunathilaka, R. D., & Fleming, C. M. (2024). Crop diversification in perennial plantation systems of Sri Lanka: Patterns, determinants and challenges. Agricultural Systems, 218, 103969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.103969

Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations. 5th edition, Free Press, New York, NY (2003), 551 pages.

Rosairo, H. R., & Potts, D. J. (2016). A study on entrepreneurial attitudes of upcountry vegetable farmers in Sri Lanka. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 6(1), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-07-2014-0024

Saha, D., Dutta, R., & Sen, A. (2016). Assessing the impact of age on entrepreneurial intention among agriculture graduates. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 20(1), 1-15.

Stevenson, L. A., & St-Onge, A. (2005). Support for Growth-Oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Uganda. International Labour Organization. ISBN 92-2-117820-X (web pdf).

Sakharkar, V. S. (1995). A study on knowledge, fertilizer use pattern and constraints in the cultivation of soybean by farmers of Nagpur district, Maharashtra (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Thesis). University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.

Samaraweera, W. G. R. L., Dharmadasa, R. A. P. I. S., Kumara, P., & Bandara, A. S. G. S. (2022). Are young rural women abandoning agriculture in Sri Lanka?. Sri Lanka Statistical Review Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka, 1(1) March 2022. ISSN 2950-6743

Senevirathna, M. M. S. C., & Dharmadasa, R. A. P. I. S. (2021). Income diversification and household welfare in Sri Lanka. Journal of Agriculture and Value Addition, 4(1). 1-22 DOI:10.4038/java.v4i1.87

Senevirathne, M. M. S. C., Dharmadasa, R. A. P. I. S., & Senaratne, A. (2020, July). Patterns of Livelihood Diversification in Sri Lanka. In Proceedings of the International Research Conference of Uva Wellassa University. Uva Wellassa University, July 29-30, 2020

Silva, K. N. (2022). Access to and use of agricultural information and technology in a sample of paddy farmers in the Hambantota district of Sri Lanka: a survey. Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences, 45(1). pp: 33-44. DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v45i1.8093

Silva, O. T. D., Jayatilleke, Y. D., & Withanachchi, R. K. (2024). Women’s Role in Sri Lankan Agriculture: A Comprehensive Study on Socioeconomic Contributions, Challenges, and Opportunities for Gender-Inclusive Agricultural Development. Pumithiri e-Journal of Gender Studies, 1(01), 39-59. DOI:10.31357/pumithiri.v1i01.7801

Singh, K. M., Meena, M., Kumar, A., & Singh, R. (2013). An overview of gender issues in agriculture. Available at SSRN 2237993.

Weerahewa, J., Wijetunga, C. S., Babu, S. C., & Atapattu, N. (2018). Food policies and nutrition transition in Sri Lanka: historical trends, political regimes, and options for interventions. International Food Policy Research Insttitute. IFPRI Discussion paper 1727, pp 30-34

Wijerathna, M., & Wanigasundera, W. A. D. P. (2020). “Communication” in the Context of Agricultural Extension: Past, Present and Way Forward in Achieving Sustainable Food Systems in Sri Lanka. Agricultural Research for Sustainable Food Systems in Sri Lanka: A Pursuit for Advancements, 2, 389-411. DOI:10.1007/978-981-15-3673-1_18

Wijesinghe, M. S. D., Karawita, U. G., Nissanka, N. A. K. A. I., Gunawardana, B. M. I., Weerasinghe, W. M. P. C., Supun, Y. A., ... & Batuwanthudawe, R. (2024). Improving dietary diversity and food security among low-income families during financial crisis using cash transfers and mHealth: experience from two selected districts in Sri Lanka. BMC Nutrition, 10(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00958-3

Wijesinghe, P., Wickramasinghe, W. R., & Kuruppu, V. (2021). Factors Influencing Vegetable Farmers' Decisions. Colombo: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute. October 2021, 8-10.

Yogendrarajah, R. (2019). Exploring the factors on micro and small women entrepreneurs’ success in Northern Province of Sri Lanka. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 9(1), 257-278. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i1.14221

Downloads

Published

2026-08-31

How to Cite

Assessing the Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Vegetable Farmers in the Bandarawela area, Sri Lanka: Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Bandarawela Vegetable Farmers. (2026). KnowEx Food and Agriculture, 3(01), 69-94. https://doi.org/10.17501/

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.